Use this network if you trust the network you are connecting to. It will help to block most of the apps from connecting from the Internet and disabling some features, such as file and printer sharing, network discovery and automatic setup of network devices etc. While network is public, Windows Firewall will use the Public network type rules to make your computer the most restrictive. Surely you don't need to change the network type generally to public at most of time because default network type is public network. You can select this type of network to refuse to communicate with any other network device or when you have only one computer in this network. What's the difference between public network and private network? If you really need to change network type from default public to private in Windows 10, please learn about them at first and then follow 4 ways to do. And private and public are two common types we usually use to change the network connection.
Windows grants users privileges to select a network type (private, public and domain) when a new network is connected to the computer. How to Change Network from Public to Private in Windows 10
